General thiab biochemical ntshav kuaj hauv dev: deciphering cov ntsuas
txheem
Hom kev kuaj ntshav hauv cov dev
Muaj ntau hom kev kuaj thiab ntsuas ntshav hauv cov dev, peb yuav tham txog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv: kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas dav dav (CCA) thiab kuaj ntshav biochemical (BC). Ib tus kws kho mob uas muaj kev paub dhau los, los ntawm kev sib piv cov keeb kwm thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb yuav xaiv qhov twg hauv kev kuaj mob thiab yuav pab tus neeg mob li cas.
Kev tsom xam dav dav
Cov ntshav suav tag nrho hauv cov dev yuav pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob, qhov kev siv ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, anemic mob thiab lwm yam txawv txav.
Yam tseem ceeb:
Hematocrit (Ht) - feem pua ntawm cov qe ntshav liab cuam tshuam nrog cov ntshav ntim. Cov qe ntshav liab ntau dua hauv cov ntshav, qhov ntsuas no yuav siab dua. Qhov no yog tus cim tseem ceeb ntawm anemia. Kev nce hauv hematocrit feem ntau tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob, thaum nws qhov txo qis yog qhov tsis zoo.
Hemoglobin (Hb) - ib qho protein complex muaj nyob rau hauv erythrocytes thiab khi oxygen. Zoo li hematocrit, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib. Nws qhov nce tuaj yeem qhia tias tsis muaj oxygen.
Cov qe ntshav liab (RBC) - cov qe ntshav liab yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj cov pa oxygen thiab lwm yam tshuaj thiab yog cov qe ntshav ntau tshaj plaws. Lawv tus lej sib raug zoo nrog hemoglobin Performance index thiab muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob tib yam.
Leukocytes (WBC) - cov qe ntshav dawb yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog ntau hom hlwb uas muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm leukocytes rau ib leeg yog hu ua leukogram thiab tseem ceeb heev hauv cov dev.
Neutrophils - yog lub xov tooj ntawm tes, muaj peev xwm dhau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg teeb meem, tawm hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab muaj peev xwm phagocytosis (absorption) ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm txawv teb chaws xws li kab mob, kab mob, protozoa. Muaj 2 pawg ntawm neutrophils. Stab - tsis paub qab hau neutrophils, lawv nyuam qhuav nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Yog tias lawv tus lej nce ntxiv, ces lub cev yuav hnov mob heev rau tus kab mob, thaum lub predominance ntawm segmented (mature) cov ntaub ntawv ntawm neutrophils yuav qhia tau hais tias ib tug mob ntawm tus kab mob.
Eosinophils - ib pawg me me ntawm cov hlwb loj, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis. Lawv qhov nce yuav luag ib txwm qhia tias muaj kab mob ntxeem tau. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov qib ib txwm tsis txhais hais tias tus tsiaj tsis muaj kab mob.
Basophils - lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua xua thiab nws cov kev saib xyuas. Hauv dev, basophils nce tsis tshua muaj, tsis zoo li tib neeg, txawm tias muaj kev fab tshuaj.
Monocytes - cov hlwb loj uas muaj peev xwm tawm hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab nkag mus rau txhua qhov kev mob tshwm sim. Lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua paug. Nce nrog sepsis (cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha).
Lymphocytes - Lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Tau ntsib nrog tus kab mob, lawv "nco" cov kab mob thiab kawm los tua nws. Lawv qhov kev nce ntxiv yuav qhia txog cov txheej txheem sib kis, lawv tuaj yeem nce ntxiv nrog oncology. Kev txo qis yuav hais txog kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kab mob hauv pob txha, kab mob.
Platelets - cov hlwb uas tsis yog-nuclear, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom tsis txhob los ntshav. Lawv yuav ib txwm nce nrog ntshav poob, raws li kev them nyiaj yug mechanism. Lawv tuaj yeem raug txo rau ob qho laj thawj: txawm tias lawv poob ntau dhau (cov tshuaj lom thrombotic, ntshav poob, kab mob), lossis lawv tsis tsim txaus (cov qog nqaij hlav, kab mob hauv pob txha, thiab lwm yam). Tab sis feem ntau lawv raug kwv yees tsis raug yog tias cov ntshav txhaws tau tsim hauv lub raj tshuaj (kev tshawb fawb artifact).
Biochemical tsom xam
Lub biochemistry ntawm tus dev cov ntshav yuav pab txiav txim siab lossis qhia cov kab mob ntawm tus kheej lub cev, tab sis txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov txiaj ntsig tau raug, koj yuav tsum nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas.
Yam tseem ceeb:
Albumen yog ib qho yooj yim, dej-soluble protein. Nws koom nrog ntau cov txheej txheem, los ntawm cov khoom noj ntawm tes mus rau kev thauj cov vitamin. Nws qhov kev nce ntxiv tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob, thaum qhov kev txo qis yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov kab mob loj nrog cov protein poob lossis ua txhaum ntawm nws cov metabolism.
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) Ib qho enzyme pom muaj nyob hauv ntau lub hlwb ntawm lub cev. Nws qhov loj tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm daim siab, ob lub raum, lub plawv thiab cov leeg nqaij. Qhov taw qhia nce nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov kabmob no (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub siab). Nws kuj tshwm sim tom qab raug mob (vim cov leeg mob) thiab thaum lub sij hawm hemolysis (kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab).
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) - ib qho enzyme, zoo li ALT, muaj nyob hauv daim siab, cov leeg, myocardium, ob lub raum, cov qe ntshav liab, thiab cov phab ntsa hauv plab. Nws qib yuav luag ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog qib ntawm ALT, tab sis hauv myocarditis, qib ntawm AST yuav siab dua qib ALT, vim tias AST muaj ntau dua hauv myocardium.
Alpha amylase - ib qho enzyme tsim nyob rau hauv pancreas (PZh), rau kev zom cov carbohydrates. Amylase, raws li qhov taw qhia, tsis tshua muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob. Nws nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm duodenum, feem, nws qhov kev nce ntxiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev nce hauv plab hnyuv permeability ntau dua li cov kab mob ntawm cov txiav.
Bilirubin yog ib qho xim muaj nyob hauv cov kua tsib. Nce nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub hepatobiliary system. Nrog nws nce, cov mucous daim nyias nyias siv rau ntawm tus yam ntxwv icteric (icteric) ntxoov ntxoo.
GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) - ib qho enzyme pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm daim siab, pancreas, caj pas mammary, spleen, txoj hnyuv, tab sis tsis pom nyob rau hauv myocardium thiab cov leeg. Kev nce qib hauv nws qib yuav qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nws muaj.
Glucose - suab thaj yooj yim, siv los ua lub zog. Kev hloov pauv ntawm nws cov nyiaj hauv cov ntshav yuav qhia txog lub xeev ntawm cov metabolism. Kev tsis txaus siab feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam nrog nws cov khoom noj tsis txaus (thaum tshaib plab) lossis poob (kev lom, tshuaj). Kev nce ntxiv yuav qhia txog cov kab mob loj xws li ntshav qab zib, raum tsis ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.
Creatinine yog ib qho khoom tawg ntawm cov protein. Nws raug tso tawm los ntawm ob lub raum, yog li yog tias lawv txoj haujlwm cuam tshuam, nws yuav nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem nce nrog lub cev qhuav dej, raug mob, tsis ua raws li kev tshaib kev nqhis ua ntej kuaj ntshav.
Urea yog qhov khoom kawg ntawm kev zom cov protein. Urea yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab tawm los ntawm lub raum. Nce nrog swb ntawm cov kabmob no. Txo hauv daim siab tsis ua haujlwm.
Alkaline phosphatase - ib qho enzyme uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm daim siab, ob lub raum, txoj hnyuv, txiav, placenta, pob txha. Hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub gallbladder, alkaline phosphatase yuav luag txhua zaus. Tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem nce ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub, enteropathy, kab mob ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob.
Cov cai ntawm cov ntshav tsis
Hauv kev tsom xam
Table rau deciphering cov qauv ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm kev kuaj ntshav dav dav hauv dev
| Index | Tus dev laus, ib txwm | Puppy, norm |
| Hemoglobin (g / L) | 120-180 | 90-120 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35-55 | 29-48 |
| Erythrocytes (million / μl) | 5.5-8.5 | 3.6-7.4 |
| Leukocytes (ntaus / μl) | 5.5-16 | 5.5-16 |
| Stab neutrophils (%) | 0-3 | 0-3 |
| Segmented neutrophils (%) | 60-70 | 60-70 |
| Monocytes (%) | 3-10 | 3-10 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 12-30 | 12-30 |
| Platelets (ntaus / μl) | 140-480 | 140-480 |
Hauv biochemical tsom xam
Cov qauv ntsuas ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical hauv cov dev
| Index | Tus dev laus, ib txwm | Puppy, norm |
| Albumin (g / L) | 25-40 | 15-40 |
| kub (units / l) | 10-65 | 10-45 |
| AST (ntaus / l) | 10-50 | 10-23 |
| Alpha-amylase (units / l) | 350-2000 | 350-2000 |
| Direct bilirubin Tag nrho bilirubin (μmol / L) | ||
| GGT (units / l) | ||
| Cov piam thaj (mmol / l) | 4.3-6.6 | 2.8-12 |
| Urea (mmol / l) | 3-9 | 3-9 |
| Creatinine (μmol / L) | 33-136 | 33-136 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (u / l) | 10-80 | 70-520 |
| Calcium (mmol / l) | 2.25-2.7 | 2.1-3.4 |
| Phosphorus (mmol / l) | 1.01-1.96 | 1.2-3.6 |
Deviations nyob rau hauv cov ntshav suav
Kev tsom xam dav dav
Deciphering ib tug ntshav kuaj nyob rau hauv dev
| Index | Saum tus qauv | Hauv qab norm |
| Hemoglobin Hematocrit Erythrocytes | lub cev qhuav dej Hypoxia (cov kab mob ntawm lub ntsws, lub plawv) Cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm BMC | Anemia ntawm cov kab mob ntev Mob raum kab mob ntshav poob Hemolysis Hlau Deficit Cov kab mob pob txha Ntev yoo mov |
| cov leukocytes | Cov kab mob (bacterial, viral) noj mov tsis ntev los no Cev xeeb tub Cov txheej txheem inflammatory | Kab mob (xws li parvovirus enteritis) Kev tiv thaiv kab mob Cov kab mob pob txha Ntshav |
| Neutrophils yog stab | Mob mob Mob mob | - |
| Neutrophils yog segmented | Mob o mob mob | Kab mob ntawm KCM ntshav poob Qee yam kab mob |
| Monocytes | Tus mob Lub pob hlav Hloov | Kab mob ntawm KCM ntshav poob Kev tiv thaiv kab mob |
| Lymphocytes | Cov kab mob Cov qog nqaij hlav (xws li lymphoma) | Kab mob ntawm KCM ntshav poob Kev tiv thaiv kab mob Tus kab mob kis |
| Platelets | Tsis ntev los no cov ntshav poob / raug mob Kab mob ntawm KCM lub cev qhuav dej | ntshav poob Hemolytic tshuaj (xws li tshuaj lom, qee yam tshuaj) Kab mob ntawm KCM Ua txhaum ntawm pre-analytics |
Biochemical tsom xam
Deciphering ib biochemical ntshav kuaj hauv dev
| Index | Saum tus qauv | Hauv qab norm |
| albumen | lub cev qhuav dej | Mob siab tsis ua haujlwm Enteropathy lossis protein-poob nephropathy Cov kab mob Kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij (pyoderma, atopy, eczema) Kev noj cov protein tsis txaus Effusions / edema ntshav poob |
| ALT | Lub siab atrophy Pyridoxine deficiency | Hepatopathy (neoplasia, kab mob siab, daim siab lipidosis, thiab lwm yam) Hypoxia Tshuaj lom mob pancreatitis Raug mob |
| AST | Lub siab atrophy Pyridoxine deficiency | Kab mob siab Poisoning / intoxication Kev siv cov tshuaj corticosteroids Hypoxia kev raug mob Hemolysis mob pancreatitis |
| Alpha amylase | - | lub cev qhuav dej mob pancreatitis raum Enteropathies / plab hnyuv rupture Hepatopathies Noj corticosteroids |
| Bilirubin nce | - | Hemolysis Kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab gallbladder |
| GGT extension | - | Kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab gallbladder |
| piam thaj | Kev ploj tuag Lub pob hlav mob sepsis Mob siab tsis ua haujlwm cev xeeb tub lig | Mob ntshav qab zib Kev ntxhov siab / ntshai Hepatocutaneous Syndrome Hyperthyroidism Insulin tsis kam (nrog acromegaly, hyperadrenocorticism, thiab lwm yam) |
| urea | Mob siab tsis ua haujlwm Poob cov protein Ascites Kev ploj tuag | Lub cev qhuav dej / hypovolemia / poob siab Burns Lub raum tsis ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum Tshuaj lom |
| Neej Khuam Siab | Cev xeeb tub Hyperthyroidism Cachexia | Lub cev qhuav dej / hypovolemia raum Lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm Kev noj cov protein ntau (nqaij noj) |
| Alkaline phosphatase | - | Kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab gallbladder Kev kho mob nrog anticonvulsants mob pancreatitis Hnub nyoog yau Cov kab mob hniav Cov kab mob pob txha (resorption, fractures) Lub pob hlav |
Yuav ua li cas npaj ib tug dev rau cov txheej txheem?
Txoj cai tseem ceeb ua ntej kuaj ntshav yog kev tshaib plab.
Rau cov dev laus uas hnyav tshaj 10 kg, yoo mov yuav tsum yog 8-10 teev.
Nws yog txaus rau cov dev me kom tiv taus kev tshaib kev nqhis rau 6-8 teev, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tshaib plab ntev.
Rau cov menyuam yaus txog li 4 lub hlis, nws txaus los tswj kev tshaib plab rau 4-6 teev.
Dej ua ntej kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tsis txhob txwv.
Yuav ntshav li cas?
Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem soj ntsuam los ntawm cov leeg ntawm sab xub ntiag lossis sab nraub qaum.
Ua ntej, ib tug tourniquet yog siv. Qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj ntawm koob yog kho nrog cawv, tom qab ntawd cov ntshav tau sau rau hauv cov hlab ntshav.
Cov txheej txheem, txawm tias tsis kaj siab, tsis mob heev. Tsiaj txhu muaj feem yuav ntshai ntawm ib tug tourniquet tshaj ib rab koob. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tswv hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog ua kom tus tsiaj nyob twj ywm kom ntau li ntau tau, tham nrog nws thiab tsis txhob ntshai koj tus kheej, yog tias tus dev xav tias koj ntshai, nws yuav ntshai ntau dua.
Cov lus teb rau cov lus nquag nug
Lub kaum hli ntuj 6 2021
Kho tshiab: Lub kaum hli ntuj 7, 2021
Koj Yuav Tsis tas li ntawd Xav
Tus nplaig xiav hauv dev
Tus dev qhov muag fester - yog vim li cas thiab yuav kho li cas?
