Kho thiab tsis raug tom dev

Nta ntawm tom nyob rau hauv txawv breeds

Txhua tus tsiaj muaj nws lub taub hau thiab lub puab tsaig, thiab dab tsi yuav suav hais tias yog ib txwm zoo rau English Bulldog, piv txwv li, yuav txawv txav rau Husky. Xav txog hom kev tom hauv cov dev teej tug mus rau ntau hom tsiaj.

Ib tug dev muaj 42 hniav - 12 incisors, 4 canines, 16 premolars thiab 10 molars. Txhua pawg ntawm cov hniav muaj nws txoj haujlwm thiab txoj haujlwm. Cov incisors nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab yog tsim nyog rau tom, tom, nws yog nrog lawv hais tias tus aub gnaws tawm parasites los ntawm wool thiab txawv teb chaws khoom. Fangs pab ntes zaub mov, tsim nyog rau kev yos hav zoov thiab saib hem. Premolars nyob tam sim ntawd tom qab cov fangs, 4 daim ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab, sab xis thiab sab laug, lawv tsoo thiab rhuav cov khoom noj. Cov molars, cov hniav nyob deb tshaj plaws, 2 ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab 3 ntawm lub puab tsaig qis ntawm txhua sab, lawv txoj haujlwm yog zom thiab zom zaub mov.

Qhov raug hom tom yog pom nyob rau hauv cov dev nrog ib tug nqaim muzzle, xws li spitz, khoom ua si terrier, collie, greyhounds. Nws yog hu ua txiab tom - 6 incisors, sab sauv thiab qis, nyob rau hauv tus dev pw tiaj tus rau saum ib leeg, thiab 4 canines yog raws nraim nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib leeg, tsis stick tawm los yog tog rau hauv lub qhov ncauj.

Thaum cov tsiaj nrog ib hom brachycephalic muzzle muaj lub taub hau square thiab lub puab tsaig luv. Cov tsiaj no muaj xws li pugs thiab chihuahuas. Lub puab tsaig luv luv ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv cov dev no qhov tsis muaj 1-2 cov hniav tsis suav tias yog pathology, vim tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsis tuaj yeem haum. Qhov kaw ntawm lub puab tsaig yuav tsum sib npaug, cov hniav mus rau cov hniav.

Nws yog ib txwm ua rau Bulldog, Pekingese thiab Shih Tzu nyob rau hauv conformation kom muaj lub puab tsaig qis protrude rau pem hauv ntej. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm physiology, qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog tus qauv, thiab tom qab hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav txheeb xyuas qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau.

Kho tom dev

Nyob rau hauv ib txwm occlusion, lub puab tsaig sab sauv overlaps lub qis hniav.

Cov canines ntawm lub puab tsaig qis yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov canines sab sauv thiab qhov thib peb qis incisor, thiab cov premolars qhia qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv. Classic raug tom nyob rau hauv ib tug dev yog suav hais tias yog ib tug txiab tom. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov dev, vim lawv yog cov neeg yos hav zoov. Lawv txoj hauj lwm yog mus yos hav zoov, lob thiab tuav tus tsiaj. Cov incisors haum snugly ua ke, cov fangs yog "hauv lub tsev fuabtais". Vim yog txoj haujlwm no, cov hniav hnav tsawg dua, thiab vim li ntawd, lawv tsis tawg thiab tsis poob. Ib tug txiab tom yog ib txwm muaj rau txhua tus dev qhov ntswg ntev. Piv txwv li, rau Dobermans, Jack Russells, Jagd Terriers, Yorkshire Terriers thiab lwm yam.

Malocclusion hauv dev

Nws tshwm sim thaum muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txiab txiab ntawm qhov qub, uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm misalignment ntawm lub puab tsaig los yog dentition. Malocclusion hauv dev yog hu ua malocclusion. Nws raug suav hais tias yog qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kaw ntawm cov hniav. Kev kaw lub puab tsaig tsis raug hloov sab nrauv ntawm lub taub hau, tus nplaig yuav poob tawm, tus dev muaj teeb meem lob zaub mov.

Pincer tom los yog pincer tom

Nrog rau hom no, lub puab tsaig sab sauv, kaw, so nrog incisors ntawm sab incisors. Lawv tsim ib txoj kab, qhov seem ntawm cov hniav tsis kaw. Hauv cov dev zoo li no, cov incisors hnav sai sai thiab poob tawm, tus tsiaj tsis tuaj yeem zom zaub mov ib txwm, vim cov molars thiab premolars tsis kov. Hom kev tom no tsis suav tias yog ib qho kev cai hauv cov tsiaj txhu ntawm brachycephalic thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuam xyuas sab nrauv.

Undershot los yog prognathism

Undershot tom yog qhov sib txawv loj hauv kev txhim kho cov pob txha ntawm tus dev pob txha taub hau. Lub puab tsaig qis qis qis, nws luv luv. Yog li ntawd, cov hniav hauv qab tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub palate thiab cov pos hniav, ua rau lawv raug mob. Tus nplaig protrudes ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Vim yog qhov qis qis, cov kab mob ntawm cov hniav txhim kho - tshem tawm cov kab mob thiab cov molars, tartar, teeb meem nrog rau txoj hnyuv, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem ntes thiab zom zaub mov.

Khoom txom ncauj los yog progeny

Qhov no malocclusion yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab lub puab tsaig qis dua, ua rau cov hniav qis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov hniav. Txawm hais tias tus mob no yog ib txwm muaj rau qee hom tsiaj, nws yog qhov txawv txav rau feem ntau cov tsiaj. Overbite nyob rau hauv cov dev nrog ib tug ntev muzzle yog suav hais tias yog ib tug pathology, thaum nyob rau hauv griffins, Pekingese, bulldogs thiab lwm yam luv-muzzled breeds, nws raug tso cai. Lub puab tsaig qis protrudes rau pem hauv ntej thiab muab lub ntsej muag zoo li kev lag luam thiab tsis txaus siab. Feem ntau thaum lub puab tsaig qis protrudes, cov hniav raug nthuav tawm thiab tsis npog los ntawm daim di ncauj - qhov no yog hu ua undershot tom. Yog tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hniav ntawm lub puab tsaig qis thiab sab sauv ntawm tus dev yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb - khoom noj txom ncauj tsis muaj pov tseg.

Qhib tom

Cov hniav anterior tsis sib ntsib thiab tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv, feem ntau cov dev yuav thawb lawv tus nplaig rau hauv nws, uas ua rau muaj kev sib cais, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas. Hauv Dobermans thiab Collies, nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis raug kaw ntawm premolars thiab molars, thiab tsis yog incisors.

Lub puab tsaig distortion

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab txaus ntshai sib txawv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig, raws li cov pob txha loj hlob tsis sib xws los yog hloov lawv qhov loj me los ntawm kev raug mob. Lub puab tsaig ntawm tus dev ua asymmetrical thiab distorted, lub incisors tsis kaw.

Kev loj hlob tsis zoo ntawm cov hniav

Feem ntau, deviations nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev loj hlob muaj fangs. Lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv lossis tawm ntawm qhov ncauj, ua rau lub puab tsaig tsis kaw lossis raug mob rau lub palate. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov dev ntawm brachycephalic yug me nyuam, kev loj hlob ntawm incisors nyob rau hauv ib tug checkerboard qauv yog pom, rau lawv qhov no yog suav hais tias yog ib qho kev cai.

Polyidentity

Polydentia tuaj yeem tsis tseeb lossis muaj tseeb. Nrog tsis muaj tseeb polydentia, cov mis nyuj cov hniav tsis poob tawm, thiab cov molars twb loj tuaj. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hniav thiab, vim li ntawd, qhov kaw ntawm lub puab tsaig. Nrog rau qhov tseeb polydentia, ob txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm rudiment ntawm ib tus hniav, vim li ntawd, tus dev yuav muaj ob kab ntawm molars, zoo li shark. Qhov no tsis zoo li qub thiab cuam tshuam rau lub puab tsaig, kev tsim cov tartar, tom tsim thiab kev sib tsoo zaub mov.

Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tom

Ua rau malocclusion tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim, caj ces, thiab kis tau thoob plaws lub neej.

Congenital malocclusion tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, thiab ib txwm malocclusion hauv cov niam txiv tsis tau lees tias lawv cov xeeb ntxwv yuav tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub puab tsaig kaw thiab cov hniav loj hlob.

Cov caj ces txawv txav hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem kho.

Cov no suav nrog undershot thiab undershot. Qhov no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj pedigreed nrog xaiv yug me nyuam.

Hauv cov menyuam dev, qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib ntus thaum ib lub puab tsaig loj hlob sai dua lwm tus, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv uas ploj mus thaum lawv laus dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov dev me, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ua ntej qhov kev hloov ntawm cov mis nyuj cov hniav mus rau molars, vim qhov loj ntawm cov mis nyuj cov hniav yog me dua li cov hniav mus tas li.

Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom qhov kev xav tias qhov tom yog lwj los ntawm kev ua si tsis ncaj ncees lawm, pob txha. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov dab neeg, vim peb twb tau qhia tias qhov loj ntawm lub puab tsaig yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm caj ces sib txawv.

Nrog rau kev sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, txhua yam yog qhov nyuaj dua, thiab lawv raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kaw, pub noj los ntawm lub sijhawm tsim cov kab mob. Tau txais tom qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem ua rau:

• Kev hloov cov hniav tsis raug lossis cov hniav tsis poob. Ntau dua hauv cov dev me - Spitz, Toy Terrier, Chihuahua, Yorkshire Terrier;

• Tsis muaj vitamin D thiab calcium nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thaum ntxov thiab thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub maturation thaum cev xeeb tub nyob rau hauv bitches. Feem ntau hauv cov dev ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo;

• Kev raug mob ntawm lub puab tsaig ntawm ib qho etiology (ua rau), cov khoom ua si nyuaj hauv cov menyuam dev, lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshuab.

Feem ntau, kev sib txawv ntawm cov dev tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug dev thaum ntxov los yog hauv plab, nws tseem tuaj yeem kho tus mob no thaum ntxov.

Kev phom sij ntawm malocclusion

Kev tsis raug tom ntawm tus dev, ntxiv rau qhov zoo nkauj sab thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm sab nrauv, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv.

Tartar, periodontitis, thaum ntxov abrasion thiab poob ntawm cov hniav, stomatitis, raug mob rau cov pos hniav, daim di ncauj thiab palate - tag nrho cov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov hniav tsis zoo los yog underdevelopment ntawm lub puab tsaig.

Cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Nrog rau qhov tsis raug tom, tus tsiaj tsis tuaj yeem zom zaub mov, lob nws thiab khaws cia hauv lub qhov ncauj, uas ua rau noj sai lossis hloov pauv, kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, vim li ntawd, cov kab mob ntawm lub plab tsim - gastritis, pancreas - pancreatitis thiab hnyuv. - enterocolitis.

Overexertion ntawm lub caj dab cov leeg kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj nrog malocclusion. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim nrog cov tsiaj loj uas rub hlua hauv kev ua si, hnav cov nplaum. Tus dev tsis tuaj yeem tuav thiab tuav ib qho khoom hauv nws lub qhov ncauj yog tias lub puab tsaig tsis raug kaw tag nrho, ua rau nws siv thiab nruj cov leeg caj dab kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv xws li cov tsiaj, lub caj dab yog khoov, nruj, cov leeg nyob rau hauv hypertonicity, lawv raug mob.

Kho ntawm malocclusion hauv dev

Kev kho mob tom dev yog ib qho nyuaj thiab tsis yog ib txwm ua tau. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ob peb lub hlis thiab qee zaum tsis ua rau qhov zoo tagnrho tom, tab sis tsuas yog tso cai rau koj los ze zog rau nws.

Txhawm rau hloov qhov ntev ntawm lub puab tsaig, kev phais txoj kev kho mob yog siv, hmoov tsis, lawv yeej tsis zoo thiab qhov ua tau ntawm lawv siv nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub puab tsaig.

Txhawm rau hloov qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob mus rau ib txwm, cov khoom siv orthodontic ntawm hom tshem tau thiab tsis tshem tau yog siv:

• Bracket system. Braces locks yog glued rau cov hniav, ib tug orthodontic arch nrog springs yog ntsia rau lawv, lawv nyiam los yog thawb cov hniav, hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob.

• Orthodontic daim hlau. Ib qho kev xav ntawm tus dev lub puab tsaig yog ua, tom qab ntawd ib lub phaj muab pov rau nws thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws haum raws nraim qhov loj thiab tsis ua mob rau cov pos hniav thiab qhov ncauj mucosa.

• Gingival roj hmab log tsheb. Cov xauv yog txuas rau ob tug hniav thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb elastic orthodontic saw yog rub ntawm lawv, nws rub cov hniav ua ke. Kev nruj yog tswj los ntawm shortening cov kev sib txuas hauv cov saw hlau.

• Kappa. Acrylic kaus mom rau cov hniav. Lawv muab tso rau saum tag nrho cov cuab yeej kho hniav thiab kho qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav nrog lub siab.

Txoj kev kho yog xaiv tus kheej rau txhua tus tsiaj los ntawm tus kws kho hniav, raws li nws nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hniav, cov kev taw qhia ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab qhov ua rau malocclusion.

Kev tiv thaiv

Tus dev tom, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev xav tau ntawm tus dev hauv cov vitamins thiab kab kawm, suav nrog nws lub hnub nyoog thiab qhov loj me. Thaum noj cov zaub mov ntuj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj vitamin thiab cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom noj, tus kws kho mob yuav pab tswj qhov no. Ntawm cov khoom noj qhuav, nws yog txaus los pub nrog cov khoom noj uas tsim nyog rau lub hnub nyoog thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus dev, txij li cov chaw tsim khoom tau coj txhua yam mus rau hauv tus account. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov niam tau txais cov vitamin D txaus thaum cev xeeb tub, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov hniav hauv fetus.

Lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yuav tsum tau kuaj tsis tu ncua.

Tag nrho cov hniav yuav tsum ncaj, nyob rau hauv tib txoj kab, ntawm tib xim. Cov pos hniav - lub teeb liab los yog liab dawb, tsis muaj o. Cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm lub qhov ncauj tsis tuaj yeem pungent thiab muaj zog.

Xaiv cov khoom ua si zoo. Lawv rigidity thiab loj nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus dev lub puab tsaig thiab nws lub zog. Hom kev ua si kuj tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev ntsuam xyuas koj lub zog thaum ua si rub-of-war, nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov hniav puas.

Tshem tawm cov pob txha, cov cav, thiab cov yas los ntawm koj tus tsiaj nkag.

Tom hauv dev yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws

1. Qhov raug tom yog hu ua txiab tom, thiab ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm nws yog hu ua malocclusion.

2. Txhawm rau tsim kom raug tom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov vitamin D thiab calcium hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov xeeb ntxwv.

3. Cov tsiaj sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov qauv kev cai ntawm qhov raug tom. Cov duab ntawm lub taub hau cuam tshuam txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hniav, lawv cov naj npawb thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub puab tsaig.

4. Occlusion pathologies ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev raug mob ntawm cov nqaij mos thiab tawv nqaij ntawm cov hniav, tus tsiaj tsis tuaj yeem kaw lub puab tsaig thiab noj.

5. Txhawm rau kho malocclusion, cov cuab yeej siv kho hniav raug teeb tsa, kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov ua rau thiab hom malocclusion.

6. Malocclusion, tshwm sim los ntawm cov caj ces, tsis tuaj yeem kho.

Cov lus teb rau cov lus nquag nug